How do carbohydrates be digested, absorbed and utilized?

How do carbohydrates be digested, absorbed and utilized
Carbohydrates can be classified as simple monosaccharide and disaccharide and complicated polysaccharide. Owing to their different structure, the processes to digest, absorb and utilize are not the same. When you eat monosaccharide food containing glucose, fructose, monosaccharide molecules can be absorbed directly into the blood to be used without digestion. While if you eat disaccharide food containing sucrose, maltose or galactose, they need first to be digested into monosaccharide and then can be absorbed and used. However, if you eat polysaccharide food containing starch, it is not easy to be digested. Starch can be decomposed into dextrin under the effects of digestive enzymes, then maltose, and finally glucose.

Digestion process of starch is the most complex. It’s digestion process begin at the moment the food get into the mouth. First food should be chewed in the mouth to promote saliva secretion, then amylase in the saliva will mixes with food to hydrolyse part of starch to maltose. When you chew steamed bread slowly, you will taste sweet resulted from the decompositin of starch into maltose.
Food after chewing will be swallowed into the stomach. Stomach, like a big elastic bag, can contain all the things we eat. Then with continuous peristalsis of the muscles on stomach wall, the food will be mixed, stirred into chyme. Although there is no enzymes to digest starch in stomach, as the food get into the stomach, the salivary amylase will continue to work until the amylase run out, therefore digestion of starch in the stomach will be stopped.

Next food will get into the small intestine as the stomach peristalsis. Small intestine, including duodenum, jejunum and ileum, are about 6 to 7 meters long. Pancreas recline in the flexure of the duodenum in which the amylops secreted by pancreas has been prepared, at this moment, the hydrolysis of starch reached a climax.

Carbohydrates in the food finally was completely hydrolyzed into monosaccharides after a series of digestion process, and then get into the absorption process. Monosaccharide molecules are so small that they can pass through the intestinal wall and combine with the enzyme in small intestinal cells, then get into the blood circulation and be transported to the liver. The liver will convert galactose and fructose into glucose. Some glucose store in liver and muscle cells in the form of glycogen as a hedge; some has been delivered to various parts of the body by circulatory system to provide the energy for the activities of cells; the rest is transformed into fat or amino acids, and ultimately stored in the body in the form of fat.

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